Antibiotic Resistance

Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic resistance or the inability of an antibiotic or class of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.

Note: Reduced in vitro susceptibility to penicillin or cephalosporin has been documented; however, it is extremely rare.¹

References

• ¹American Academy of Pediatrics. Section 4: Antimicrobial Agents and Related Therapy: Principles of Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Therapy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021
• Hamilton KW, Gerber JS, Moehring R, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program. Point-of-prescription interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(8):1252-1258

Specific to GAS Pharyngitis

• • ¹Musser JM, Beres SB, Zhu L, RJ, et al. Reduced in vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes to beta-lactam antibiotics associated with mutations in the pbp2x gene is geographically widespread. J Clin Microbio. 2020;58(4):e01993-19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01993-19
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Section 3: Summaries of Infectious Diseases: Group A Streptococcal Infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Red Book: 2021 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021:694-707