Endoscopy and Biopsy

Endoscopy with biopsy enables direct visualization of the esophageal mucosa and acquisition of mucosal biopsy specimens. This procedure can determine if there are macroscopic or microscopic changes suggestive of GERD, most commonly esophagitis. It also allows for more definitive differentiation of reflux esophagitis from other causes of esophagitis, which may manifest similarly to GERD. For more information, see 2009 NASPGHAN Guidelines, paragraph 4.5, Endoscopy and Biopsy.

As you learn more about GER/GERD, it becomes apparent that there is not a gold standard test to diagnose GERD. The tests discussed are more commonly used to help identify this condition. Clearly “tests are useful to document the presence of GER/GERD, to detect complications, to establish a causal relationship between GER and symptoms, to evaluate therapy and to exclude other conditions. Since no test can address all of these questions, tests must be carefully selected according to the information sought.”